Ocean Dumping of Unpurified Wastewater essays

Sea Dumping of Unpurified Wastewater expositions This examination paper manages the releasing of messy wastewater into the expanses of the world. There are three significant zones of this paper. The primary region manages inappropriate releasing of messy water into the sea. This incorporates poisonous synthetics and waste items from industry, horticulture, just as the home. Segment one additionally features the advantages of appropriately sanitizing all water released into the sea. The subsequent segment shows proper filtration and cleansing procedures so as to effectively disinfect the water. This region incorporates a short synopsis of regular cleaning techniques utilized by most wastewater treatment offices in this nation. Additionally, approaches to control wastewater both on an individual level and on a network level are talked about. The third and last area of this paper speaks altogether about the wellbeing dangers of coming in direct contact with sea water sullied with messy wastewater. Explicit sicknesses alongside indicat ions experienced by individuals distressed with ailments are additionally examined. Exceptional consideration is given to both created and underdeveloped nations so as to look into issues experienced by various countries of the world. All diaries and different references utilized when composing this paper are noted. Sea Dumping of Unpurified Wastewater Out of the picture and therefore irrelevant has been a natural disposition toward squander removal, particularly with regards to dumping a wide range of undesirable material into the sea. For a considerable length of time, the seas have been the last goal for a lot of humanitys trash, however until the twentieth century, the most exceedingly terrible impacts of this training were generally restricted. As it turns out to be progressively hard to discard squanders ashore, nonetheless, utilizing seas as a dumpsite has been an alluring alternative and the results have gotten increasingly across the board (MacInnis, 1). Maybe the biggest contaminant of the universes seas is sewage. Thi... <!

Pleasures of Reading free essay sample

â€Å"Reading† is the movement of scrutinizing, skimming, going over, or poring over a book. The book might be of any class, yet â€Å"reading† gives extraordinary fulfillment. It is the demonstration of interpreting, grasping and seeing the genuine importance of the content. It is accomplished for satisfaction and as a leisure activity. The content is comprised of basic and regularly complex words which are a wellspring of extraordinary satiety and enchantment for the peruser. The choice of the books characterize us. They show who we truly are. The genuine eccentricities and attributes of an individual can really be comprehended by what he jumps at the chance to peruse, as Mathew Kelly brought up that, â€Å"We become the books we read.† Books are likewise an extraordinary wellspring of joy and solace. They wash away from our lives the consistent repetitiveness and bring energy; they evacuate the residue of regular day to day existence from our spirits and supplant it with rush and invigoration. We will compose a custom exposition test on Joys of Reading or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They carry novelty to the world and allow us to envision better. The second we open a book and begin staying in its reality, we feel as though everything around us has stopped to exist. Perusing gives us the sole mode by which we slip unwittingly, automatically and regularly powerlessly into another person’s soul and unearth the universe of his creative mind where everything has been made by him. It transports us to new places, acquaints us with stunning individuals who lived energizing lives, they move us to HOGWARTS with J.K.ROWLING, to NARNIA with C.S.LEWIS, to BAYPORT with FRANKLIN W.DIXON, to RIVERHEIGHTS with CAROLYNE KEENE, to MAGICAL FORESTS with ENID BLYTON and to the Center OF THE EARTH with JULES VERNE. These spots are more than regularly only a fantasy of the writer’s creative mind yet to a peruser every little thing about them appears to be genuine, he wish that he can be shipped to the universe he had always wanted and carry on with the existence he wishes to live. He can visit every one of these spots while sitting on an agreeable love seat by the fire alongside an appealing bite. As of now he sees that there is no joy like perusing and eating. Furthermore, best of all, both of them can be consolidated serenely. As Jane Austen proclaims that, â€Å"There is no happiness like reading.† We probably won't notice this however we in reality live the tales we are perusing, each character has a particular voice in our mind alongside a fitting appearance. In the eye of our psyche we see them moving and hear them talking while we read about them. A peruser lives the lives of around a thousand people before he kicks the bucket yet non-peruser lives a solitary exhausting and dull life. Books are a special wellspring of versatile enchantment which we can convey anyplace we need to. It causes us to enter happy harmony and helps us to learn and appreciate the mysteries and concealed realities of the universe by giving our brains something worth mulling over. Any place we are, in the event that we have a book with us we needn't bother with any organization. We can simply sink into the pages and be extremely glad. As Elizabeth Scott sees that, â€Å"I love books! I love that second when you open one book and sink into it. You can escape from the world and sink into a story that’s way more intriguing than yours will ever be.† Reading is dreaming with open eyes. We don't need to fundamentally have confidence in all the fiction and enchantment of the books we need to realize that it’s false. Be that as it may, it creates a universe of imagination which assists with widening our vision and increment our creative mind. In any event, Rowling says that, â €˜I don’t put stock in the sort of enchantment in my books. Yet, I do accept that something exceptionally otherworldly can happen when you read a decent book.’ Perusing serves to manufactures our character and creates significant characters and qualities. At the point when we read about specific qualities we figure out how to like and abhorrence them. We even attempt to apply them in our own life. It assists with giving us great habits, reinforce our jargon and increment our insight. We can get significant data when we read a decent book. There are a few demonstrations which are rarely squandered and consistently help us in one manner or another.Reading is one of them. Rowling trains us to, ‘Read as much as could be expected under the circumstances. Nothing will help u as much as reading.’ At the point when we step inside a library, the main thing we feel is the smell of old materials, the aroma of ink, we hear the stir of paper and as of now we accept that this fragrance of books is the best fragrance on the planet. At the point when we breathe in profoundly and peruse through the various segments we experience a sense so mystical that it can never be communicated in words, and otherworldly doesn't simply mean powerful or sorcerous yet incorporates secret, rush, and happiness, which causes us to feel brilliant and energized. At the point when we close our eyes and just touch a recognizable book and draw its scent somewhere inside us, it is sufficient to make us glad and satisfied. Stephen King claims that, ‘Books are a particularly versatile magic.’ Perusing is extremely important to keep us resuscitated, new and empowered. Guessing is as important to thoughts as exercise is to our body. They resuscitate us when we feel as though all entryways of life are shut. They help us to get away from our burdens and enter another spot, an alternate time. At these occasions we feel as though there is no companion as faithful as a book. We don’t need to trust every one of our privileged insights to it. And still, at the end of the day it can give consolation which is required without question. Along these lines, on the off chance that we genuinely need to get away from the world we open a book and utilize our creative mind. JK ROWLING declares that, â€Å"There is consistently space for a story that can ship individuals toanother place† On the off chance that an individual doesn't care to peruse books this for the most part implies that he has not yet discovered the correct book to suit his taste and character, as it is inconceivable for any learned individual with great premiums to despise books, since great perusers make much out of pretty much nothing and still think that its short. As per JANE AUSTEN, â€Å"If a book is elegantly composed I generally discover it short† Sometimes there are affirmations certainties and realities which can't be clarified in typical composing however a fictious book suitably clarifies them, with such nuance that the peruser barely sees that he has gotten them. Furthermore, they become some portion of his existence without his watching the change. RALPH WALDO EMERSON demands that, â€Å"Fiction uncovers reality that reality obscures† We don't have to get theory, gain proficiency with a unique expertise or realize a craftsmanship to perceive a decent book nor do we have to scan hard for it, we know when we have a decent book we become retained and completely fascinated in it. At the point when we turn the last page and feel that we have lost a dear companion. As though something significant has been annihilated, lost or expelled. We feel an unusual void and emptiness inside us and we long for additional. We realize it is a decent book when we figure out how to giggle and cry with it, which leaves us passionate for a considerable length of time and makes tears tumble down our cheeks. Which causes us cry and to feel euphoric. To put it plainly, a book a day fends reality off. We should understand great, fascinating and valuable writing which demonstrates productive and causes us in our lives. Be that as it may, we ought to likewise apply alert and be cautious. We ought not guess so much that our thoughts are boggled, thinking gets blurred, our eyes become frail, we get the opportunity to wear scenes, our work is left pending and we become all out BIBLIOBIBULIS (individuals who read excessively) BOOKS are keys to wisdom’s treasures BOOKS are doors to terrains of joys BOOKS are ways that upward lead BOOKS are companions, come let us read!

Innovation and change - open innovation and strategy Essay

Development and change - open advancement and procedure - Essay Example Sourcing for creative thoughts at FedEx†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Lead client Innovation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 Open Innovation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦9 Troublesome Innovation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Development methodology at FedEx†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Another advancement procedure for FedEx†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....12 Difficulties and Solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....14 Checking the accomplishment of roadmapping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Hypothetical perspective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..17 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 Official Summary The paper looks to address the idea of advancement as a significant characterizing perspective towards the accomplishment of FedEx. It proceeds to clarify the techniques that the association has consistently instituted to guarantee that its development forms fulfill the needs in the market. Perceiving the requirement for change and key repositioning, different choices for advancements are recommended as routes through which FedEx can better its situation in the coordinations business over the world. This comes down to the clarification of elective development systems that can give answers for the difficulties confronting associations in the current business condition. Thusly, the paper is extremely illuminative in giving an exhaustive record of all the basic parts of advancement with regards to hierarchical setting. Presentation The goals of advancement in cutting edge associations can't be overemphasized. Development is positively the motor that drives progress and gives the stage through which associations can viably contend with one another in the race against assets and the serious market condition acknowledged in totally all divisions. In such manner, most associations are getting substantially more included and centered in their regions of advancement so as to empower them to cruise through these difficult occasions. The significant test acknowledged from the start is fundamentally the trouble in picking the best development procedure to follow in an association. It is basic to understand that picking an off-base technique may fate the organization’s odds of progress henceforth the need to definitely address the parts of advancement with most extreme concern and adequate asset allotment. Regardless, there is definitely not a solitary advancement methodology that can viably address all the format ive needs of any association. It just stays a matter of picking among numerous choices to get the best other option. To be sure, in the administration arrangement industry like coordinations, the major key advance is consistently the need to develop a feeling of advancement in the association through the commitment of skilled individuals who can adequately address the hierarchical objectives of development. In such manner, it has been understood that FedEx is consistently at the bleeding edge in recruiting skilled individuals who are then prepared on the most ideal approaches to improve in the association. The way of life of development is accordingly observed to be a vital part of FedEx and this can plainly clarify why the association has become a significant brand in the coordinations business and has figured out how to cruise through th

Team Leadership & Self-Managed Teams - 1375 Words

Team Leadership & Self-Managed Teams (Essay Sample) Content: Team Leadership Self-Managed TeamsStudent`s NameInstitutional AffiliationSubmission DateIntroductionTeams are a fundamental part of any business or an organization, effective team in an organization increases workplace productivity and reduces employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ turnover. Employees participation in decision-making process makes them feel appreciated. They see themselves as part of the total organization rather than just members of an individual department.Team leadershipTeam leadership is the management of a group of individuals who are held accountable for a collective performance and work toward achieving a common goal. The success of a team depends solely on the team members and the team leader (Nurmi, 1996). An effective team player understands and is committed to team objectives, respects individual differences, influences others by involving them in the issues, encourages the development of other team members, considers and acknowledge ideas and suggestion fr om other team members and he or she do not engage in a win-lose activities with other team members. On the other hand, a good team leader inspires and motivates team members for achieving the set goals. He or she establishes an open discussion for decision making, is open to new ideas and suggestions coming from the team, has a long clear vision; executes first thing first and he or she inspires others to act (Nurmi, 1996).Self- managed teamsA self- managed team is a group of employees that is responsible for planning and scheduling work makes production related decisions and takes action on problems under reduced or no supervision. An effective self-managed team assigns responsibility to all members of the group; this allows each member to feel fully invested in the success of the project (Armstrong, 2001). There is a need for interdependence among the members, and all members should work towards a common goal. Effective self- managed teamsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ boosts companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s eff iciency and productivity. Self- managed teams have freedom and flexibility to devise innovative solutions to business problems and rapidly respond to the organization challenges. Furthermore, the company does not have to pay high salaries to the high ranking managers who would in place if the teams were not self-managed (Armstrong, 2001).Self-managed companiesSemco CompanySemco is company employs the self-management strategy. There are no job titles and no personal assistants. The employees set their salaries and everybody has a share in the profits attained at the end. Semco started in 1953; the founder was Antonio Curt. The company dealt with marine pumps market was mostly Brazilian shipbuilding industry. Ricardo son of Antonio joined the company at the age of 19.ricardo thought the business would do better if it diversifies, but his father refused. In the early 1980s, Brazil was hit by a recession that affected the company performance. That is when Antonio gave in, and Ricardo be came the CEO. His first official act was to fire two third of the top management. Ricardo becomes too committed to the business that he began having fainting spells resulting from stress. In nineteen ninety-five, one of his managers suggested he create a self-managed teams that would be in charge of all aspects of production.The teams was to set their budget and production goals. Their compensation depended on budget and production performance (Semco, 2015). The running costs went down while productivity and profits went up. Many production workers were happy about the new management method; the only people unhappy were the middle managers who thought they had lost their prerogative. Today the company does not have hierarchy management or any organizational chart.it is made up of autonomous democratically run units. There are no receptionists, secretaries or even personal assistant in the company. Employees set their salaries that are publicly posted and worked into the budget. Asso ciates can attend any meeting, and financial information is available to anyone who would like to see it and courses are available to help them understand the financial statements.Whole Foods CompanyWhole Food Company has forty-three autonomous stores. Employees grouped into teams manage the stores teams compete against each other. Team members work hard as the bonuses are given depending on teamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s performance. Every team member is accountable to fellow members of his or her team. The Company works very hard to provide a good work environment so as maximize on individuals capability. Moreover, the company allows every team to be responsible for planning and schedule their daily activities. Team members make job-related decisions under reduced, or no supervision (Charles, 1996)W. L. Gore AssociatesIn Gore there are no traditional organizational charts, there are neither chains of command nor predetermined channels of communication. The associates instead communicate with e ach other directly. Every associate is accountable to fellow members of his or her team. Gore works very hard to maximize individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s potential, maintaining an emphasis on product integrity and cultivating an environment that allows creativity to flourish. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s appreciation on the employee abilities is the key factor that has made the idea to flourish. In Gore, there are neither employees nor bosses. Instead, they are referred to as associate and sponsors. Both associates and the sponsors have a mutual understanding of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s objectives and team goals.Every associate can define and drive a project. Sponsors help the associates to chart a course in the organization that would offer personal fulfillment while they maximally contribute to the enterprise. Company leaders may be appointed but are defined by fellowship. Mostly they emerge naturally from the associates or sponsors by demonstrating special skill or knowledge that advances the c ompany objective (Gore, 2015).Zappo CompanyZappo announced a transition to a management-free structure in 2013.It had slowly weaned off the traditional hierarchy of management. The departments now function as groups or circles of people who work towards achieving a common goal. The company gives the employees opportunity to make structural changes to their jobs and their teams to help move the business achieve its strategic goals. The employees have the mandate to adjust and define their roles within the entire structure (Lydia, 2015).Team managed companiesTarget CorporationGregg Steinhafel CEO of Target Corporation recognizes the team members; he always refers to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ in all his talks about the company. Since its formation in 1962 the company was focused on teamwork and collaboration. The company uses all types of formal and informal means of communication. However, the company prefers a face to face in a collaborative meeting. Team members at all levels are encouraged to use Targets array of social media tools to share news and stay connected. The social sites help to cement the collaborative spirit between the team members and their leaders. Every year the company encourages team members to complete a survey about what they think is working and what is not and make suggestions (Lydia, 2012). The head of the human resource is entitl... Team Leadership & Self-Managed Teams - 1375 Words Team Leadership & Self-Managed Teams (Essay Sample) Content: Team Leadership Self-Managed TeamsStudent`s NameInstitutional AffiliationSubmission DateIntroductionTeams are a fundamental part of any business or an organization, effective team in an organization increases workplace productivity and reduces employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ turnover. Employees participation in decision-making process makes them feel appreciated. They see themselves as part of the total organization rather than just members of an individual department.Team leadershipTeam leadership is the management of a group of individuals who are held accountable for a collective performance and work toward achieving a common goal. The success of a team depends solely on the team members and the team leader (Nurmi, 1996). An effective team player understands and is committed to team objectives, respects individual differences, influences others by involving them in the issues, encourages the development of other team members, considers and acknowledge ideas and suggestion fr om other team members and he or she do not engage in a win-lose activities with other team members. On the other hand, a good team leader inspires and motivates team members for achieving the set goals. He or she establishes an open discussion for decision making, is open to new ideas and suggestions coming from the team, has a long clear vision; executes first thing first and he or she inspires others to act (Nurmi, 1996).Self- managed teamsA self- managed team is a group of employees that is responsible for planning and scheduling work makes production related decisions and takes action on problems under reduced or no supervision. An effective self-managed team assigns responsibility to all members of the group; this allows each member to feel fully invested in the success of the project (Armstrong, 2001). There is a need for interdependence among the members, and all members should work towards a common goal. Effective self- managed teamsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ boosts companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s eff iciency and productivity. Self- managed teams have freedom and flexibility to devise innovative solutions to business problems and rapidly respond to the organization challenges. Furthermore, the company does not have to pay high salaries to the high ranking managers who would in place if the teams were not self-managed (Armstrong, 2001).Self-managed companiesSemco CompanySemco is company employs the self-management strategy. There are no job titles and no personal assistants. The employees set their salaries and everybody has a share in the profits attained at the end. Semco started in 1953; the founder was Antonio Curt. The company dealt with marine pumps market was mostly Brazilian shipbuilding industry. Ricardo son of Antonio joined the company at the age of 19.ricardo thought the business would do better if it diversifies, but his father refused. In the early 1980s, Brazil was hit by a recession that affected the company performance. That is when Antonio gave in, and Ricardo be came the CEO. His first official act was to fire two third of the top management. Ricardo becomes too committed to the business that he began having fainting spells resulting from stress. In nineteen ninety-five, one of his managers suggested he create a self-managed teams that would be in charge of all aspects of production.The teams was to set their budget and production goals. Their compensation depended on budget and production performance (Semco, 2015). The running costs went down while productivity and profits went up. Many production workers were happy about the new management method; the only people unhappy were the middle managers who thought they had lost their prerogative. Today the company does not have hierarchy management or any organizational chart.it is made up of autonomous democratically run units. There are no receptionists, secretaries or even personal assistant in the company. Employees set their salaries that are publicly posted and worked into the budget. Asso ciates can attend any meeting, and financial information is available to anyone who would like to see it and courses are available to help them understand the financial statements.Whole Foods CompanyWhole Food Company has forty-three autonomous stores. Employees grouped into teams manage the stores teams compete against each other. Team members work hard as the bonuses are given depending on teamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s performance. Every team member is accountable to fellow members of his or her team. The Company works very hard to provide a good work environment so as maximize on individuals capability. Moreover, the company allows every team to be responsible for planning and schedule their daily activities. Team members make job-related decisions under reduced, or no supervision (Charles, 1996)W. L. Gore AssociatesIn Gore there are no traditional organizational charts, there are neither chains of command nor predetermined channels of communication. The associates instead communicate with e ach other directly. Every associate is accountable to fellow members of his or her team. Gore works very hard to maximize individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s potential, maintaining an emphasis on product integrity and cultivating an environment that allows creativity to flourish. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s appreciation on the employee abilities is the key factor that has made the idea to flourish. In Gore, there are neither employees nor bosses. Instead, they are referred to as associate and sponsors. Both associates and the sponsors have a mutual understanding of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s objectives and team goals.Every associate can define and drive a project. Sponsors help the associates to chart a course in the organization that would offer personal fulfillment while they maximally contribute to the enterprise. Company leaders may be appointed but are defined by fellowship. Mostly they emerge naturally from the associates or sponsors by demonstrating special skill or knowledge that advances the c ompany objective (Gore, 2015).Zappo CompanyZappo announced a transition to a management-free structure in 2013.It had slowly weaned off the traditional hierarchy of management. The departments now function as groups or circles of people who work towards achieving a common goal. The company gives the employees opportunity to make structural changes to their jobs and their teams to help move the business achieve its strategic goals. The employees have the mandate to adjust and define their roles within the entire structure (Lydia, 2015).Team managed companiesTarget CorporationGregg Steinhafel CEO of Target Corporation recognizes the team members; he always refers to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ in all his talks about the company. Since its formation in 1962 the company was focused on teamwork and collaboration. The company uses all types of formal and informal means of communication. However, the company prefers a face to face in a collaborative meeting. Team members at all levels are encouraged to use Targets array of social media tools to share news and stay connected. The social sites help to cement the collaborative spirit between the team members and their leaders. Every year the company encourages team members to complete a survey about what they think is working and what is not and make suggestions (Lydia, 2012). The head of the human resource is entitl...

Ethical Codes Of A Public Administration - 985 Words

In chapter 6 of Ethics Primer Svara gives his opinons on why ethical codes are extremely valuable in public administration, as well as the purpose of them and how they are enforced. â€Å"The codes of association convey the values, standards, and behaviors that contribute to advancing the public interest, achieving their goals, and being true to their calling†.(87) Svara is trying to bring to our attention that these codes for the most part keep our public administrators and government officials in line. Later on in the chapter Svara brought up the creation and the purpose of these codes. Here he showed us the arguments for and against having a code of ethics. One one end it said that ethics is based on personal views and decisions while on the other side having rules in place keeps people in line. A code of ethics that was put together known as the ICMA codes gives a general idea of how people should conduct themselves. Finally we come across how these codes are enforced or s hould I say lack there of. According to svara the problem with enforcing ethical codes is its not possible due to the fact that ethics are on a person to person basis. Unless you do something that greatly affects the people you represent or do something thats illegal its quite hard to enforce these codes. There are a couple organizations that take complaints such as the ICMA or the AICP however since there isn t laws for these ethical codes it again makes it extremely hard to enforce. In chapter 5 ofShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Public Administration System Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesin duty. The nature, meaning and scopes of ethics have overgrown in the course of time. Ethics is thickened to public administration. In public administration, ethics concentrates on how the public administrator should question and reflect in order to be able to act responsibly. We can simply bisect the two by saying that ethics deals with morals and values, while public administration is full o f actions and decisions. The levels of ethics in governance are devoted to historical, Social, EconomicRead MoreUnethical Behavior Has A Negative Impact On The Public, Economy And Work Environment Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam-Webster dictionary is â€Å"the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group† (Ethic, 2015). As public administration professionals, we have a duty to make ethical decisions and always put the general public’s interest before our interest. Repeatedly, the general public is being confronted with unethical behavior. Unethical behavior continues to be a persistent problem in the public, nonprofit and for-profit sectors. Some recent unethical behavior includes military sex crime cover-ups,Read MoreEssay about Ethical Behavior in Public Management594 Words   |  3 PagesEthical behavior in leaders in Public Administration has a significant impact on their employees and the environment of their work place. Ethics is not looked at in the same light in ot her parts of the world. What some cultures view as normal behavior, our culture may view as unethical or corruption. (Branscome, 2008, p. 1). Some behaviors in other cultures have been instilled as a normal way of doing business. In our culture, employees feel their leaders should be beyond reproach in order forRead MoreEthics and Accountability in Public Service1697 Words   |  7 PagesEthics, Integrity and Accountability in Public Sector: Practice and Lessons Learned in Latvia Aleksejs Loskutovs, Director Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau Latvia 28 September 2006 (10 min.) The public sector in Latvia has undergone many important changes over the past decade. In mid 1990s Latvian government started a major public administration reform. This reform was one of the cornerstones on Latvia’s way to the European Union, which we joined in May 2004. Latvia made a great effortRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1479 Words   |  6 Pagessolicitors are required to conduc t themselves in an ethical manner. Solicitors are regularly trying to tackle cases presented to them with ethical implications and dilemmas. The Oxford English Dictionary has a few meanings to the word ethics. The broad use of the term ethics is sometimes equated with moral principles, or a system of these. However, it also describes ethics to be â€Å"The moral principles or values held or shown by an individual person. The codes of conduct or moral principles recognized inRead MoreThe Normative Foundations Of Public Service Ethics832 Words   |  4 PagesFoundations of Public Service Ethics Introduction Those thought to be ethical or moral are described in terms of their values in regards to honesty, integrity and good character. Our ethical conduct originates from our values which are greatly influenced by our morals; they provide guidance and are our standard for the ways in which we carry out and view right and wrong decisions. For these reasons, personal ethics are said to be our foundation and, as such, often influence how we administer ethical codesRead MoreThe Challenges Of Professional s Infectiveness923 Words   |  4 Pagesprogress†(p.4). Professionals and practitioners are individuals that are highly educated in a certain field of study. For example, our government looks to them for expertise for certain public problems. They are an essential part to our society. They work in favor of the public good because they come up with expert solutions to public problems. Professionals have their challenges and have been known in some incidences to negatively impact the soci ety. Professional’s infectiveness is a challenge that professionalsRead MoreEssay on Legal and Ethical Issues in School Counseling1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of this paper focuses on the battles school counselors face as the law and ethical standards collide. School counselors face a number of legal and ethical issues and recognizing a clear decision isn’t always easy. School counselors have to work with a large number of students, parents, and administrators while conforming to ethical codes, state laws, and school board guidelines. This topic is of great relevance to me as I will be going into the school counseling profession. It is alsoRead MorePolice Misconduct And Criminal Justice923 Words   |  4 Pagesmisconduct is defined as inappropriate action taken by police officers in relation with their official duties (Police Misconduct Law Legal Definition, n.d.). In order to solve this issue, one must acknowledge their different challenges, overcome th e â€Å"code of silence†, and find out the role of organizational culture. Challenges Facing Police Executives There are many challenges facing the police executives in the 21st century, such as civil disorder and criminal prosecution of officers. In recent yearsRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Codes are in use today by many organizations to clearly establish their values and provide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (Littleton

Sources Of Energy Renewable Energy Essay - 2238 Words

Sources of energy 1- Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished). Renewable energy technologies range from solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuels for transportation. Renewable energy is energy that is generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, and various forms of biomass. This energy cannot be exhausted and is constantly renewed. 2- Non-renewable energy Alternative energy is a term used for an energy source that is an alternative to using fossil fuels. Generally, it indicates energies that are non-traditional and have low environmental impact. The term alternative is used to contrast with fossil fuels according to some sources. By most definitions alternative energy doesn t harm the environment, a distinction which separates it from renewable energy which may or may not have significant environmental impact. Types of energy 1- Solar Energy The sun is probably the most important source of renewable energy available today. Traditionally, the sun has provided energy for practically all living creatures on earth, through the process of photosynthesis, in which plants absorb solar radiation and convert it into stored energy for growth and development. Scientists and engineers today seek to utilize solar radiation directly byShow MoreRelatedRenewable Sources Of Energy And Energy1120 Words   |  5 PagesAlternate energies are forms of energy that do not deplete natural resources or harm the earth. The sources of the energies are naturally found or generated or are part of a natural conversion from one source into another. Energy cannot be destroyed but can be converted into other forms, therefore there are many reactions occurring around us that allow us to harness these energies. Alternate sources of energy has been extensively researched as a result of the large energy crisis that is being experiencedRead MoreEnergy Sources Of Renewable Energy1292 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction. Nowadays, with the continuous increase in the demand for energy consumption resulted by both population and socioeconomic growth, making it a priority to satisfy such a demand for all developed countries. This report aims initially to focus on the energy situation in the United Kingdom, and then present two forms of energy conventional energy in specific coal, and renewable energy which is wind energy, and will finally recommend the most suitable one after comparing and contrastingRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources Of Energy2600 Words   |  11 PagesThe worldwide demand of energy has been increasing considerably. Up to 2030, it is supposed to be 60% higher than today (B. SCHMITZ, 2013). Currently, non-renewable energy sources, like coal and oil, are more commonly used, since they are cheaper than renewable energies. In the European Union, 80% of the energy consumption demands are covered by fossil sources (B. SCHMITZ, 2013). But, non-renewable energy sources are running out and they are also very harmful for the environment, since they generateRead MoreEnergy Of Renewable Energy Sources Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years many endeavors have been devoted to reduce the pollutant energy generation by increasing the utilization of clean energy sources. Actually, the power sector is responsible for roughly a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions [1]. Thus, the widespread introduction of renewable energy sources is seen to be one of the major solutions. Meanwhile, fossil fuel based power plants will still be needed. In any case, fully abstaining from the use of fossil fuels is difficult. Nevertheless,Read MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy And Energy1983 Words   |  8 Pagesof all the energy used in the day-to-day lives and operations of the entire world population are nonrenewable. This energy is created from the fossil fuels: coal, petroleum and natural gas. Fossil fuels are still cheap and high in supply, but the rate at which we are consuming them, which is only expected to increase, vastly exceeds the rate at which they regenerate. This creates the aforementioned problem of mankind running out of the required natural resources to fuel its own energy demands. TheRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources For Energy1540 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern over the growing demand for energy, and the lack of non-renewable energy resources to meet the demand in the future. In addition, the question of â€Å"sustainability†;the ability to balance social, economic, and environmental needs in energy production to meet both current and long-term requirements;has come to the forefront. It is clear that America must expand energy production quickly, and that we must develop renewable, sustainable energy sources to meet long-term demand and protectRead MoreThe Energy Source Of Renewable Energy3041 Words   |  13 Pagesis using fossil fuels, which are nonrenewable sources. Fossil fuels are cheap and limited. They will soon be depleted. The world needs to find a source of energy that is not only renewable but sustainable. Sustainable Energy is usually associated with renewable energy. This is because renewable energy is a continuous source. However, the sustainability of each of different types of renewable energy vary. Sustainable energy means that amount of energy that is used, is also generated. The idea of sustainabilityRead MoreSources Of Energy : Renewable Energy Essay2221 Words   |  9 Pages sources of energy 1- Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished). Renewable energy technologies range from solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuels for transportation. Renewable energy is energy that is generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water,Read MoreEnergy Sources Of Renewable Energy1944 Words   |  8 PagesExecutive Summary The development of renewable and alternative energy is becoming more and more necessary as the traditional fossil fuel energy is a non-renewable energy and can cause various environmental problems such as the global warming effect. However, the challenge today in generating alternative energy is to find a cost effective way while has the smallest harmful environmental impacts. Developing bioenergy have the advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emission while creating great economicRead MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy Sources1213 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy Sources Introduction Energy sources have been identified as being vital in running virtually all domestic and industrial operations. There are two types of energy sources; renewable energy sources and nonrenewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources refer to the kinds that are naturally replenished. These include sunlight, the wind, ocean tides, waves, geothermal heat and rain (Tiwari et al., 2012). Nonrenewable energy sources, on the other hand, are the kinds that do not renew themselves

Corporate Strategy Formulation and Implementation †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Strategy Formulation and Implementation. Answer: Introduction: A sustainable competitive advantage happens when an entity outperforms its competitors by having a quality or set of additional qualities. This generally happens in the monopolistic market where there exists competition in the market. In simple words it can be explained as something that places an entity or an individual above its competitors These characteristics can include access to materials or substances occurring in nature or access to having highly trained staff or workforce(Amadeo, 2017). Competitive advantage is a key source of high performance, and ensures better standing in the market place. Performing better than the competitors is the ultimate goal of the organization as higher profits leads to higher position goodwill in the market. This will also give an advantage to become the leader in the market How an industry outperforms depends upon its nations competitiveness. The firms excel and perform better than its competitors just because of pressure and challenge. They get financial reward from having challenging home based suppliers and domestic rivals. Current competitive advantage is rapidly changing. Corporate Entrepreneurship is no doubt a risky proposition. New segments set up by existing business face challenges in accepting the market conditions. The unique features face the following challenges i.e. emerging business usually lack hard data, financial forecast are also undependable . The third challenge is poor fit between new businesses and old system. New ventures normally operate in highly ambiguous environment, so a strategy should be developed by trial and error. Competitive Advantage can be better explained with the help of a diagrammatic representation: Main aspects of Competitive Advantage: The competition between two existing sellers in the market Likely threat of New entrants Threat of Multiple substitutes available for one product Negotiation done by the consumer(Porter, 2008) Negotiation done by the suppliers/vendors Key Success factors and Competitive Advantage: Key success factors are the majorly the areas, where better performance and high profits will make it certain that competitive advantage can be achieved and can result into individual growth and business excellence. There is no organization which can afford to make a strategy which fails to pay heed to the principal factors, which play the main role in determining the success of the organization(Porter, 2011). Also a company must develop accomplishments on its industry key features, if it has to be a leader in the market. A core competency mainly covers: Focus on customer benefit It is hard for competitors to compete Building products with new design and technology(McGranth, 2013) It is clear in todays world that if the company is not proficient in one particular activity it can outsource the same so that the business performance does not suffer. For example in the automobile Industry lets take an example of Volvo which focuses on safety as its core competency, so it will keep its focus on research and development of high safety components. It can be illustrated with diagram: Good Sustainability practices help companies gain competitive advantage. It is a very old saying that if you dont have competitive advantage dont compete Jack Welch Why companies like Apple and Mitsubishi are so successful in the modern era? It resolves issues and alternatives Stakeholders are better performers Top management to guide and help in decision making Effectiveness of strategy implementation Lets quote an example to explain competitive advantage better: There are two players in the market who makes cup cakes i.e. classic and Nic bakers. Classic makes the cup cakes at the cost of Rs 25 and sells it for Rs 100, while Nic makes the cup cake at the cost of Rs 60 and sells it for Rs 120. Classic earns more than Nic and uses better ingredients to make the cup cake i.e strategies that both follow are different. Hence it is very clear from the above situation that Classic would get more customers and earn more profits than the competitor(Coles, 2003). Why might Organic (or Internal) development be recommended as an appropriate method for strategic development? Organic Growth Strategy implies increasing company performance and profits using its own power and resources. This methodology is slower than other processes, but incurs less cost comparatively. This method is beneficial for small enterprises that want to widen their business but dont have large amount of funds/capital to expand(Riley, 2010). Internal Development states, strategic considerations developed and articulated for expanding various segments of the business. An enterprise develops its own strategy to up sell in the market. Benefits of Internal Growth strategy It helps the business to grow at a uniform rate Funding options are more easier i.e. surplus profits can be used for expansion It is less risky The higher the market share, the more easier it can control the price of its products It is relatively low in price(Johnson., 2008) Better control and co-ordination Risks associated with Internal Growth Strategy Restructuring is the missing element Takes more time to achieve growth Likely to lose capital investment Slow growth Difficulties in building market share i.e. where firm is already a leader Here are some examples of businesses that have flourished with Internal Growth: Dominos a leading Pizza seller have flourished its business by opening multiple outlets in every city. Also no of Pizzas sold during the day have increased as it serves quality and also at a cheaper rate than other competitors in the market(Bowhill, 2008). Apple, as one of the most valuable brands in the world has adopted intensive strategies to excel in the market. It has developed wide range of new products like I-Pad to develop and expand worldwide An Ice-cream maker Mackies of Scotland has increased profits of the organization and expanded its business to other countries basis Internal Growth Strategy. The strategies used by the biggest Ice-cream seller are stated below: Introduction of New flavors in the market Increased Investment in Infrastructure(Evans, 2015) Selecting best market route for expansion Achieving operational efficiencies and cost benefit through procuring economies of scale Because it is a niche market, higher price can be charged Risks involved in making it a success: Slow growth and expansion due to limited resources Time consuming in building substitutes of products Lack in targeting better focused customers Lack of highly skilled staff Michael Porter a graduate of Harvard University, wrote a book on different strategies that can help in gaining competitive advantage in the year 1985. All firms can make use of these approaches i.e. whether Product Based or Service Based. He named the strategies as Generic Strategies. Listed below are the major strategies encountered in the business: Discuss the contrasting characteristics and objectives of a Cost Leadership Strategy and a Differentiation Strategy? Characteristics and Objectives of a Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy The terminology Cost leadership was introduced by Michael Porter and utilized in building up business strategies. Cost leadership basically means lowering the per unit cost of operation (i.e. production cost) in order to achieve competitive advantage(Hitt, 2016) and reduce production cost below the industry average. Ways in which cost can be controlled: Control Cost drivers: Cost can be controlled by driving down the cost of various activities to be performed. It also includes effectively working on the cost segments, by performing better than its competitors. Revive Value Chain: Making new innovations in building new products, improving technology, using low cost material can help to revamp Value chain (Hiriyappa., 2013) Differentiation strategy is a way under which an enterprise proposes to build and sell unique products in the market for different segments of customer. This strategy helps those enterprises who can afford expensive advertising campaign. Steps taken to build a successful Differentiation Strategy: Scientific Research with best features: Successful adoption of new methods and programmes through detailed research and marketing strategies will help in successful business Skilled and Innovative Workforce: When a company has intellectual and innovative workforce it can help in winning the customers and develop new products Better sales force: If the strategies adopted by the company are in synchronization, and the sales executives are able to explain their products in a better manner Goodwill: When an enterprise has better goodwill in the market and can showcase its products better than its competitors then it is a win-win in situation for the company(Ireland, 2008). Focus Strategy as the name suggests, keeps its centric point on Specific group of customers rather than focusing on everyone. Its main need is Customer satisfaction and improvement in already existing products which can help in improving their daily lives. Feedback is taken from the customers from time to time. Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy can be better explained with the help of a diagram: Michael Porter, who established these competitive strategies, has explained it very well which strategy to opt for as per ones business requirements. A cost leadership strategy focuses on price parameter. The main goal to adopt this strategy is to become a leader in the market i.e. having maximum share across the industry Differential strategy on the other hand focuses on building new products in the market which can be differentiated from competitors products i.e. should vary in features, technology, and customer service and distribution channels So to conclude Porter suggested that both the strategies are equally effective and serves the organization at its best but choosing the right kind of strategy should be the main objective. An enterprise should hang in the middle i.e. in order to generate huge profits its builds products which are cost effective and neglects the other things which are required to make an organization successful. The situation can be well explained with the help of the diagram: Refer to the matrix attached to explain the cost leadership vs. differentiation strategy. In the matrix if we refer to the 4th cubicle i.e. cost leadership it explains market leader position in the market. This can be adopted by an organization where cost effectiveness plays an important role. With time as the company matures, this strategy can give company under performance so in order to survive in the market an enterprise should replace with better technology and scrap old material and assets. In cube 2 which is a combination of low cost and high differentiation is another substitute. If an organization has low production cost and high degree of differentiation, then it can achieve high share of profit margins having the benefit of low cost. Other scenario in the same situation is if the company is not the market leader in cost but provides differentiated products then it can win if its customers are willing to pay more for the Value added product. The major drawback of this situation is over a period of time when premium customers tend to shift to low priced products, then this strategy cannot fit in the existing environment Where the above two strategies fail it can be replaced with cube 1 i.e. Market Niche, where the company focuses of single segment or product, with high cost and differentiated from all the other substitutes available in the market. This strategy is mainly fruitful for businesses who can afford high cost. For example car manufacturers i.e. Volkswagen, Porsche How do Porter (1980) and Bowman (1995) differ in their view on combining these approaches to competitive strategy? The main purpose of a cost leadership strategy is to achieve low production cost per unit, thereby obtaining advantage over other competitors in the industry. Adopting such strategy results into offering best featured product to the customer at low cost as per his/her needs or requirements. This helps a firm in maximizing its profits and become a market leader in the industry. This can be explained with the help of an example i.e. there are 4 major players in the market providing tariff packs, Data packs and other recharge options to the customer. Seeing from the customer prospective, he would prefer a product which has the quality network and the one which is provided at low cost and maximum benefits. Companies adopting cost strategy should not forget the other key factors which play an important role in order to survive i.e. product quality, design service etc There are many risks interlinked with this strategy i.e. while focusing on cost per unit at times company forgets about the technology, new innovative methods to be adopted which will result in eradication of all savings done in the product to become the market leader. For example Ola Cabs vs. Taxi. The customer preferences and tastes keeps changing with time so in order to be successful one must adopt the principle of winning the customer On the other hand differentiation strategy main aim lies in building products with multiple qualities, which are well considered by the customer, keeping in mind the uniqueness of the product. Differentiation strategy focuses more on customer demands and choices and builds a product from customer prospective. Companies following differentiation strategy invest more in a product and makes product keeping in mind the priorities of the customers needs. For adopting this strategy lot of research and development is required so that at the end, the results are good. Example of Differentiation strategy is Volkswagen a car manufacturer. To adopt this strategy a company should have a good reputation and existence in the market place. A recent framework developed states that, one should adopt single strategy at one time (as Porter explains) do not get stuck in the middle. Whereas Bowman puts pressure on Hybrid strategy which is a combination of perceived added advantage and gaining market share The major drawback of this strategy is at times focusing on customer needs can lead to lose sight of cost development Porter likely is of the point of view that both the strategies cannot be adopted at same time as this would result in reduced performance and higher costs. He entreats that companies should compete either on price or differentiated product. For example Reliance Gio or Patanjali with cost effective products and on the other hand Harley Davidson/Audi with differentiation strategy In order to combine both the strategies strong emphasis should be on both delivering unique quality products and low cost products. Implementation of both the strategies all together will lead to better organizational performance and business excellence Conclusion: Hence we can conclude that we can simultaneously adopt two strategies which are termed as Hybrid strategy. This strategy depends on the ability to deliver best quality products with cheaper cost also. It will help in attaining sufficient margins for re-investment and maintain a good place in the market. In the era of global competition this strategy is best suited for organizations. Under exceptional circumstances, a hybrid strategy can be adopted as agreed by Porter. Yet Bowmans strategy fails to survive in these conditions. Also it can be supported that Bowmans model is biased on gaining maximum market share Thus competitive advantage states that over- performance from other competitors in the market with better features to compete within the industry. So in order to have stable sustainable development one needs to come up with new ideas to survive for long term within the industry. Bibliography Amadeo, K., 2017. thebalance.com. [Online] Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-competitive-advantage-3-strategies-that-work-3305828 [Accessed 10 May 2017]. Bowhill, B., 2008. Business Planning and Control: Integrating Accounting, Strategy. Coles, C., 2003. The Ultimate Competitive Advantage. Evans, N., 2015. Strategic Management for Tourism, Hospitality and Events - Page 378. New York: Cenagge. Hiriyappa., 2013. Corporate Strategy Formulation and Implementation Process. Hitt, M., 2016. Strategic Management: Concepts: Competitiveness and Globalization. Ireland, D., 2008. Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and Cases - Page 100. Jakson, S., 2007. Managerial Accounting: A Focus on Ethical Decision Making - Page 478. Johnson., 2008. Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text Cases, 7/E - Page 348. London: Springer. McGranth, R., 2013. The End of Competitive Advantage: How to Keep Your Strategy Moving. London. Porter, M., 2008. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Porter, M., 2011. Competitive Advantage of Nations: Creating and Sustaining Superior. New York: Springer. Riley, J., 2010. QA - Explain organic or internal growth. [Online] Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/business/blog/qa-explain-organic-or-internal-growth [Accessed 10 May 2017].